Compressor Stall :: Essays Papers

Blower Stall Gas turbine motor execution is constrained by streamlined hazards called turning slow down and flood. As of now there are a few control methodologies for improving the operability limit of research center blowers by effectively controlling turning slow down and flood. Models which catch the subjective conduct of the streamlined dangers have been found to display bottomless unique conduct and to be helpful for planning control laws. Operability limit is characterized as the working point where consistent axisymmetric stream is unsteady and untolerable measure of pivoting slow down and flood is available in the framework. Operability improvement is characterized as the hole between the operability limit for the controlled framework and that for the uncontrolled framework. Operability upgrade is one of the fundamental objectives for dynamic control of pivoting slow down and flood. Actuator cutoff points and framework clamor are found to confine the operability improvement. We are keen on two issues: Examination issue: given a controller with actuator limits and certain clamor level, discover the operability improvement; Union issue: given a lot of controllers with actuator limits and certain clamor level, discover one that expand the operability upgrade. Things being what they are, the combination issue is a minimax issue. We attempt to answer the investigation issue and the union issue by nonlinear decrease utilizing bifurcation hypothesis and invariant complex hypothesis. For slow down control with drain valve actuators, we have inferred explanatory equations that concur subjectively with the trial results on a low speed rig. We have tackled the blend issue for the situation when flood origin is near slow down commencement by ordinary structure decrease for a low request blower model. We are likewise keen on stretching out the above control issues to general dynamical frameworks. We think focus complex decrease and ordinary structure decrease are potential tools.Gas turbine motor execution is constrained by streamlined dangers called turning slow down and flood.

A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen :: English Literature

To comprehend the significance of A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen we read the entire content. To go further into the significance we utilized our own dramatization capacities to investigate. To comprehend the significance of A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen we read the entire content. To go further into the significance we utilized our own dramatization capacities to investigate. We utilized Hot-Seating, Collages, and Still Image. These three things helped me comprehend the significance of the play what's more, investigate the characters further. The content doesn't let me know all that I have to know, a great deal of things are covered up, and methods are expected to jut realities. At the point when you start to comprehend the play you start to acknowledge what a fabulous play essayist Ibsen really is. We utilized Hot Seating from the start in the test. The educator would state a character and the stage the character is at in the play. The character I have decided to break down is Nora. Vicki played Nora in Hot-Seating. We all posed her inquiries to perceive how she addressed her. This helped a ton as we were discovering things out about Nora that are not obtusely expressed in the content. For instance we discover why she has macaroons and how it develops strain. When Vicki was being Nora it caused me to figure it out what Ibsen was doing with the Macaroons. He was developing pressure a tiny bit at a time. The macaroons were demonstrating the peruser of the play that Torvald had a command over Nora and that she had a defiant side to her. It gave us she would deceive Torvald. All through the play this upgrades and advances into something much greater. Nora has deceived Torvald and this time it is considerably more genuine than macaroons. She has sold out him and it is near him finding out. The macaroons were Ibsen's method of giving me that Nora was mischievous and could subvert Torvald and afterward it changes into something a lot greater. The peruser realizes this could occur yet when it does it stuns. To give me what I said above somebody asked the question Would you ever mislead Torvald? Vicki helped me comprehend that towards the end Nora starts to acknowledge she doesn't cherish Torvald what's more, that she chooses to leave him. This gave me that Torvald could NOT stop her and gives me how sexism has fell socially. Ibsen is attempting to show how awful sexism is in this play. , Using Nora and Torvald. I Played Mrs Linde in Hot-Seating, it helped me likewise being in he position.

The Positive Side to Your Anxiety

The Positive Side to Your Anxiety PTSD Symptoms Print The Positive Side to Your Anxiety By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 09, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 13, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Mixmike/Getty Images Most people view anxiety and fear as very unpleasant emotions, especially people with an anxiety disorder such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This is because anxiety and fear are often associated with uncomfortable bodily sensations, such as increased heart rate, muscle tension, sweating, racing thoughts, shortness of breath, and tunnel vision. In fact, anxiety and fear are often viewed as negative emotions. Even though anxiety and fear may feel unpleasant or uncomfortable, they are in no way negative. They actually serve a very important purpose, and it would be very hard to get by in life without these emotions. What Are Anxiety and Fear? Anxiety and fear are natural human emotions. They are our bodys alarm system. They occur in response to situations where we may be in danger or at risk for some kind of harm. Fear is an emotion that is experienced when we are actually in a dangerous situation, whereas anxiety is an emotion that occurs when we expect or anticipate that something unpleasant may happen. Take the analogy of riding a rolling coaster. Anxiety is what we would experience as we climb that first big hill, anticipating that something scary is going to happen soon (going down the other side of the hill). Fear is what we experience as we are actually going down that big hill. What Do Anxiety and Fear Do? Fear and anxiety tell us that there is some kind of danger present, and all the bodily sensations that go along with fear and anxiety are essentially designed to help us respond to that danger. Anxiety and fear are preparing us to flee, freeze, or to fight. They are part of our bodys built-in fight-or-flight response. This alarm system has been around for a long time. We likely would not have made it as a human race without it. Because it has worked so well for such a long time, it is very developed. It works fast with little effort. It is, in many ways, an automatic response. We dont have to think about this response. We dont have to deliberately set it off. If we detect or perceive a threat, this response can be immediately activated whether we want it to or not. When Anxiety and Fear Disrupt Your Life Just because anxiety and fear serve an important function for us, it does not mean that they dont have their downsides. They do. As humans, we have the ability to think and use our imagination to come up with possible scenarios that we may encounter in the future. For example, if you are going out on a first date or a job interview, you have the ability to think about how those experiences may turn out. If you can imagine them going bad, this is likely going to result in anxiety, even though a negative outcome hasnt really occurred â€" you only imagined that one would occur. Thus, our bodys natural alarm system can be activated even if a real threat is not present. Fearing a negative outcome may then lead to some kind of avoidance behavior. For example, if we expect a date to go badly, we may avoid going out on that date. Or, if we expect a job interview to turn out negatively, we may seek out a job that is less challenging or easier to get. These choices may interfere with our ability to build a meaningful and positive life for ourselves. In addition, anxiety and fear can take us out of the present moment. If we are constantly worrying about what negative things could happen to our children, it may prevent us from really engaging with them. We may be distracted and less likely to enjoy spending time with them. If you are ruminating about something bad that happened to you during the day while you are with friends and family, you may be less likely to really connect and enjoy your time with them. Anxiety and Fear in PTSD People with PTSD may have fear and anxiety that is much more frequent and intense than those without PTSD. In PTSD, the bodys fight-or-flight response becomes more sensitive, so it is constantly being activated. In addition, people with PTSD may become hypervigilant to signals of danger or threat in their environment. As a result, they may constantly feel on edge, fearful, or tense. When Are Both Useful? Anxiety and fear also have upsides. Anxiety and fear can signal that something is very important to us. For example, if you are worried about your children, it is likely because you really care about them. If you didnt have a strong relationship with them, you may experience less worry. If you are anxious about a job interview, it may be because you really want that job â€" it matters to you. If you didnt care about the job or didnt really need it, you likely would not find the situation so threatening or anxiety-provoking. Sometimes it can be important to override our anxiety and fear system. Even if our body is telling us to avoid something, we can move forward anyway, especially if we are moving toward something that is meaningful and consistent with our goals. We may not have much control over our emotions or thoughts; however, we can always control our behaviors. At any moment, regardless of what we feel on the inside, we can make a choice to engage in behaviors that are consistent with our goals. Coping With Anxiety and Fear There are many skills that can make it easier to move forward in life despite anxiety and fear. Diaphragmatic breathing and progressive muscle relaxation are two effective ways of coping with anxiety and fear. Mindfulness may also help you take a step back from unpleasant thoughts and emotions, allowing you to better connect with your present moment experience. The next time you experience anxiety or fear, take a look at it. Ask yourself if the anxiety is stemming from a real or imagined threat. Try to determine whether the anxiety may be telling you that something is important or matters to you, and if so, make the choice to move forward, taking your anxiety along with you for a ride. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Religion in the Sun Also Rises Essay - 926 Words

Participation in the war can alter ones views of the world. For Hemingway and the characters of The Sun Also Rises it meant the world had lost its innocence, and that traditional Christian morality no longer had any relevance. The expatriates lack religion as a whole and although they may know the concept they simply have no hope or faith. In The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway, the difficulties of Brett, Jake and Bill can be directly attributed to the lack of religious faith that stems from their involvement in the war. Brett faced a tragic loss during her involvement in the war and as a result, she experienced great difficulty being religious. - Since the death of her love, Brett constantly threw herself at different men to try†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"There is no reason why because it is dark you should look at things differently from when it is light...for six months I never slept with the electric light off†. Jake’s lack of faith - Jake appreciates religion, however he cannot devote himself to god because of his war wound, since it is the cause of all his miseries throughout the novel. â€Å"I was a little ashamed, and regretted that I was such a rotten Catholic, but realized there was nothing I could do about it, at least for a while, and maybe never, but that anyway it was a grand religion, and I only wished I felt religious and maybe I would the next time....† This outlines Jakes unwillingness to accept his disconnection from God. Although he says he may be religious next time, it is evident he cannot devout himself to God because of his war wound which is the only thing that separates him from being with Brett. Despite the fact that Jake enjoys seeing Cohn being hurt, he also feels guilty for it. These contradicting feelings Jakes having proved his confusion between good and bad. That was morality; things that made you disgusted afterward. No, that must be immorality. Bill’s involvement in the war left him hard, cynical and pessimistic. Bill believes in nothing at all, and he deals with life by mocking it. - Bill cannot grasp the concept of religion or faith. ThoseShow MoreRelatedThe Sun Also Rises : The Loss Of God And Religion Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sun Also Rises: The Loss of God and Religion It has been called one of Hemingway’s greatest literary works as it is the â€Å"quintessential novel of the Lost Generation.† Its strong language and subject matter portray a powerful image of the state of disenchantment felt in the 1920’s after the war. The interactions between the characters in this novel display a society living without convictions, affirming Gertrude Stein’s quotation at the beginning of the novel, â€Å"You are all a lost generation.†Read MoreJake Barnes As A Hemingway Code Hero1229 Words   |  5 Pagesin The Sun Also Rises Ernest Hemingway developed the Hemingway code hero after World War I as a representation of those who suffered after the brutality of war. Featured in many of Hemingway’s novels, the Hemingway Code Hero adheres to an unwritten, tacit set of self-established values and guidelines throughout all venues of life. He is a man characterized with a severe amount of drinking, enjoys an unusual sport, and an extravagant. In Ernest Hemingway’s fiction novel The Sun Also Rises, Jake BarnesRead MoreAztec Religion: the Foundation of a Civilization1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe religion of the Aztec, including their beliefs, customs and religions, acted as a tremendous influence on their government, economy, and culture. Religion was the foundation for the infamous culture of the Aztec Civilization. Through ceremonies of sacrifice, and the infusion of cosmology into their religion, the Aztecs sculpted a culture unlike that of any other civilization, and left behind a legacy to be st udied and admired for generations to come. Religion ultimately shaped the unique civilizationRead MoreThe Mysteries Of Ancient Egypt1572 Words   |  7 PagesMysteries of ancient Egypt attracted the attention of archeologists and ordinary people for many centuries. An enormous impact on the history of Egypt was religion, it shaped the everyday life of all the egyptians. They wanted an afterlife in Aaru, heaven. It was the ultimate goal. People s lives were rotating around religion, and everything that was tangent to it. The peculiarity of religious beliefs of the ancient Egyptians developed because of the geographical location of the state. Around 3000Read MoreA Basic Overview of Paganism Essay examples1716 Words   |  7 PagesReligion is about creation, and for that reason religion should be about the earth. - Laurie Cabot. One might see hundreds of faces from different races, gender, and pop cultures. But behind each face is a brain, with spirit and personal beliefs, like religion. When many Americans believe that everyone is Christian or Catholic, some people practice an ancient religion. This religion, commonly known as the umbrella-term â€Å"Paganism† is back on the move with a contemporary feel. Paganism is an earth-basedRead More Ernest Hemingway: Allegorical Figures In The Sun Also Rises1227 Words   |  5 Pages Ernest Hemingway: Allegorical Figures in The Sun Also Rises Thesis: Hemingway deliberately shaped the protagonists in The Sun Also Rises as allegorical figures. OUTLINE I. The Sun Also Rises A. Hemingways novel. B. Hemingways protagonists are deliberately shaped as allegorical figures. C. Novel symbolizing the impotence after W.W.I. II. Jake Barnes. A. Wound. 1. Damaged genitalia. 2. Cant make love. 3. Feels desire. B. Wound is symbol of life in years after W.W.I. C. Wound from accident. 1Read MoreThe Egyptian Religion And Religion911 Words   |  4 PagesThe ancient Egyptian religion is centered on deities and overtime, their religious belief which influenced their whole existence changed based on the rise and fall of important gods in control of the forces and elements of nature. The Egyptian religion was shaped by the polytheistic view of the universe. A belief in polytheism determined the belief in gods, death and magic. This essay focuses on the religious practices while also drawing a comparison with the Christian religion which has monotheisticRead MoreAncient Egyptian Culture and Its Influence on Poetry Essay1012 Words   |  5 Pages practiced religion, and even had festivals with food, beer, music and dancing. All that is known about ancient Egypt is a result of the hieroglyphic carvings of the Great Pyramid walls and on tombs of dead. Originally from the Book of The Dead, â€Å"The Chapter Of Changing Into Ptah† was and remains a significant poe m in the culture and traditions of Ancient Egypt. Religion in Ancient Egyptian society was often used to explain cosmic phenomena and unexplainable events. Their religion used metaphorsRead MoreHemingway Code Hero Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor of The Sun Also Rises, brands his main character Jake Barnes, a Hemingway code hero. The Hemingway code hero is defined as one who faces several problems yet faces them with undeniable dignity; when under pressure he deals with it with so much poise, it is hard to detect he is faced with a challenge. Also according to Hemingway, this man must accept that the world can bring misery upon anyone and while realizing this must learn to enjoy life (Melvin C. Miles). This man will also fear the darkRead MoreHow Did Astronomy Affect Early Egypt?1537 Words   |  7 Pagesmaintain their population. They were also pioneers in a number of new technologies; some of which are highly used today.   Much of the Egyptians success can be credited to their large understanding of astronomy. Astronomy is part of science that deals with the study of celestial objects- such as the stars, planets, moon, sun and galaxies.   So, this leads me to my question: How did astronomy effect early Egypt? Astronomy affected many things in early Egypt, such as: religion, infrastructure and technological

Amy Lowell s `` Madonna Of The Evening Flowers `` And ``...

Amy Lowell was a rebel, whos identity was to be different than others. Amy Lowell was interested in and influenced by the Imagists movement. Lowell earned a reputation for violating conservative standards by flaunting her obesity, swearing, smoking cigars, and having a same-sex lover. She wrote in traditional forms, as well as in free verse and polyphonic prose, often using several forms in a single poem. Amy Lowell’s work involved a combination of intertextuality, symbolism, and allusions.. I will analysis the following poems by Amy Lowell: â€Å"The Taxi† â€Å"Madonna of the evening flowers† â€Å"A decade† and â€Å"A lover†. Using these poems I will analyze her common themes, structure, and figurative imagery. Amy Lowell often Amy Lowell’s most common themes are love, helplessness, loneliness and sex. The theme of loneliness is apparent in her poem, â€Å"Madonna of the Evening Flowers.† When the narrator is distanced from her lover she feels alone and lost without the person. I call: â€Å"Where are you?† But there is only the oak-tree rustling in the wind. But the house is very quiet, The sun shines in on your books, On your scissors and thimble just put down, But you are not there. Suddenly I am lonely: Where are you? I go about searching. Then I see you, Lowell explores the theme of helplessness for love in â€Å"The Taxi.† Summed up by this quote â€Å"Why should I leave you? To wound myself upon the sharp edges of the night.† This releases helplessness feeling that the narrator cannot function

The Lottery By Shirley Jackson - 918 Words

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson, is a short story about an annual lottery draw in a small town. The story sets place in a small town of three hundred or so people. The theme of destructive tradition pervades the text, beginning with irony manner of choosing the person and, of course, ultimately leading to the person’s death. Every year a lottery is held, in which one someone is cruelly chosen to be stoned to death by the people in the town to be able to provide more for the others in the town. The lottery has been done by the town for over seventy years. Some symbolism, Jackson uses is the names, objects, and the setting to hide the real meaning and what really happen with the lottery. In her short story The Lottery, Shirley Jackson uses references of sacrifice rituals to symbolize that with the sacrifice better agriculture for the town it also demonstrates how following tradition leads to a disaster. Some names of some characters hold significant meanings to â€Å"The Lottery.† Jackson uses symbolic names to indicate and foreshadow some of the things what will happen after the lottery happens. The name Dellacroy for example, is a French surname which stands for of the cross. This surname shows some Christian symbolize into the story plot by including the cross. Summers is another last name used in the lottery, he is the man that present and conducts the ceremony. The lottery happens during summer June 27 to be exact, and Mr. Summer has Mr. Graves help him throughout the wholeShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson757 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main character Tessie Hutchinson in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not like Mega Million or Powerball one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. TessieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as  "The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson8 11 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portraysRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husband

Information System Client Server Architecture

Question: Discuss about the Information System of Client Server Architecture. Answer: Design Architecture The information system proposed for the Willowbrook School would be based on the Client/ Server Architecture because the school remains in scaling mode as there might be modification in the school system from time to time. Three-tier client-server architecture is the best option for the information system. Three-tier Client Server Architecture consists of the three main layers: Presentation Tier, Application tier, and Data Access or Database Tier. Each tier is separated from one another on the basis of complexity of users and how the data is being used which is there in the database. At the database tier, database is resided with its query processing languages. At application tier, usually the programs and the application server that make use of databases are resided. An abstracted view of database is presented at this tier i.e. any end user is not aware of the database at this tier. At the presentation tier, operation is done by the end users on this tier and they are unaware about the existence of database (Curtis, 1989). Development process will be facilitated by the three-tier architecture. The advantages of the architecture are as follows: Only Presentation logic will be contained in the Client Program. Therefore, it can facilitate the scaling process. Security is increased using three tier client server architecture. Performance is superior for mainly medium to high volume environments. Client workstation does not require much of the resources and there are enough resources available for the server for addressing the request of client. Data traffic is reduced on the network due to which school can be able to address more number of requests in lesser time. Support cost provided by this architecture is comparatively lower. It has a hidden database structure i.e. requesters cannot see the actual structure of database. Since, all the components are independent and can be modified separately; therefore, the modification in on tier does not affect the modification in another tier. The disadvantages of three tier architecture are as follows: Additional tools will be required to increase the performance if the volume goes high. There is a lot of difficulty to implement the complex business rules. Changes made in the business logic do not reflect in the server automatically. So, for reflecting the changes, there is a requirement for new client side software. There is no profit provided to the other database server platforms. Cost-Benefit Issues School is able to expand or shrink its scaling process with the help of client/server architecture. As much as branches of the school increases, school can be able to adjust the number for clients and also the processing functions can be easily managed instead of altering the capability of the large-scale central server(Curtis, 1989). Using Client/Server, it is easy to reduce the network load and to enhance the response times. Hardware Requirements Hardware components which are required for the system are as follows: Database Server such as SQL, Oracle, Informix etc. Web Server such as Apache, IIS, Nginx etc. Application Server Glassfish, WebSphere, WebLogic etc. Router such as Cisco 800, Cisco 827 etc. Access point for the internet. Computer system. System Design Specification System Design Specification is a document which is used to contain the information which is required to develop the system. Outline of the various modules/components: The system for the developed system architecture has been categorized mainly into three components i.e. Student, Teacher and School administrator. Key modules for these components are as follows: Main Module Login School Administrator Managing the details of the students. Managing exam schedules. Managing the details of the staff/teachers. Managing the details of payment. Managing the fees of students. Teachers/Staff: Managing the details of students. Managing the marks of students. Managing the question papers for exams. Managing the syllabus and lectures. Managing the subject details. Student Managing the details of the students which are entered by students in the system. The dependencies between different modules are described as follows: All the modules described above i.e. Students, staff/teachers and School Administrator relies on the single module i.e. the login module which provides various services to them. On the basis of login, users have been classified as (Dennis, Wixom and Roth, 2012) Unregistered Users: These users are the guest users who can just view the information about the school given on the site. Registered Users: These users are the authenticated users who are registered and can access all the services offered on the site. Registered users can be school administrator, staff members/teachers and students. New user can be created by signing up and approval is done by school administrator. User Interface Issues User Interface Issues are classified into the two types: One for User One for Administrator Detailed Description about the Components Element Name: Login Module Purpose of this login module is to provide entry to the registered users in the system. Only authorized users are allowed to access the system. There can be two types of users for this module: Registered Users or Guest/Unregistered Users. User must have the connection of internet to access this module. When a user logs in to the module, first of all, user gets connected to the server of company and by checking the credentials of login, entry is allowed by the servers in the system (Howe, 2001). If the user logs in as the registered user, then user is redirected to the page for which the user has privileges. If user is new and wants to create account, then user will be redirected to the registration page. Data of the login module would be stored in MySQL database. Element Name: Managing Student Purpose of this module is to allow user to manage the details of students. Student can be edited, added or deleted in this module. Details of the student are sent to the server to receive the corresponding response. If staff logs in to manage student data, then details of students such as name, subjects etc. can be modified. Or if student logs in, then student is able to check the assignment given by the teacher or can edit his/her contact details. User must have the internet connection to access the module. New student can be added and data can be stored in the database if the details are correct and are able to pass the business rules. Student can be deleted on the matching criterion. The student data is stored on the MySQL database(Howe, 2001). Element Name: Managing the marks of students Purpose of this module is to allow teachers to manage the marks of the students by uploading them and storing them into the database. Marks of the students are sent to the server. If the staff logs in to the module, then staff can upload the marks of the students. If student logs in to the module, then he/she can view their marks. Similarly, all the modules can work in the same way as above modules do. Internet connection is must for all the modules discussed. Application Development Methodology Application Development Methodology decided for this information system is Structured Methodology (Maciaszek, 2001). Advantages of Structured Methodology: It is easier to understand. It is a good industry standard. Milestones of methodology are unique and can be easily tracked. It is a mature type of methodology. Requirement validation is allowed in this technique. It follows the specific structure. Disadvantages of Structured Methodology: Since it is process-oriented, therefore non functional requirements are avoided in this technique. There is less involvement of direct management in this technique. Since it is non-iterative, therefore a single modification would cause the system to restart the entire process. This technique has no other tool than DFD to measure the progress. Users requirements are not always implemented(Maciaszek, 2001). Advantages of Object-Oriented Methodology: System development is simplified using this technique in comparison to other techniques. Robustness and code reuse are enhanced. Because a clear mapping is provided between the real world entities and the corresponding objects, therefore it helps in enhancing the understanding of design. Since analysis phase does not get separated from design phase, so users have a high level of communication between them. Disadvantages of Object-Oriented Methodology: The techniques emphasizes mainly on the code. Object Methodology has been more focused. Transforming the traditional SSAD to OOAD is very complex and more time consuming. Advantages of Agile Methodologies: In Agile, Customer Satisfaction is provided through rapid, continuous delivery of useful software. Main emphasis on people and interaction rather than focusing on processes and tools. Face-to-Face Communication is the best method to discuss about the progress of the project. Scrum meetings are arranged on daily or weekly basis. Changing requirements are always welcome. Attention to good design and excellent technology is given. Disadvantages of Agile Methodologies: Less focused on designing and documentation. Decisions can be taken by only senior programmers during the development process i.e. there is no importance of newbie programmers. High degree of uncertainty. Project can easily get taken off the track if customer is not clear that what final outcome is needed by them. Testing and Test Data Types of testing which are performed for this proposed system are as follows: Unit Testing: Unit Testing refers to testing a single or individual module at a time. Execution errors are eliminated which may terminate the program and logical errors are also eliminated. Integration Testing: Integration Testing refers to testing a combination or group of modules combined at a time. There are further many types of integration testing such as Big-bang Integration Testing, Top-Down Approach, and Bottom-up Approach Integration Testing System Testing: System Testing refers to the testing which is performed on the whole system i.e. whole system is tested. System is tested to assure that the system meets up with all required specifications and all required features are there in the system. Test Data: Test Data can be any live or sample data that is used for testing all the components of system whether it is related to validation or verification. Training Plan: In this information system for school, there will be three groups of users who require training. The groups of users are as follows (Howe, 2001): Users (Teachers/Staff, Students and School Administrator) : This group of users would be trained on the following topics: Overview of system i.e. flows of the information on system. Key terms related to system. Starting up and shutting down the system. Duties and Responsibilities towards the system. Main menu and further submenus. Frequently asked questions. Troubleshooting help. Handling problems. Management: Origin of project. Business goals. Controlling changes in system. Training to users. Enhancement of reports. Cost Analysis. Support: Documentation of system. Architecture of the system. Issues related to logging and resolving. Support of vendor. History and Justification of Project. Training for IT members. Training for user and management. All the trainings discussed above may perform in in-house only; there is no need to perform training at vendor-side. Data Conversion Plan Data Conversion of the activities can be incremental as well as iterative. Incremental approach is followed when the current system data has to be converted into the file system. Else if, the data has been completely transferred in the new system, iterative approach works. Data Entry is done in the following way: First of all, the information related to school is entered. Then, the branches of school if any are entered in the iterative manner i.e. data related to branch i.e. its name, city, address, contact number etc. are entered. Different programs and subjects offered by the school are entered. Then data related to staff and teachers are entered. In the data, system stores the details of students. Data of students should be handled securely as it contains the sensitive or confidential information such as their contact and payments details. If the information of students are stolen, then it might lead to problem. During automated conversion process, some documents are to be handled such as missing files, missing field values, failure in automated editing, and data which requires manual validation(Howe, 2001). System Changeover Approach For this given scenario, school does not have enough budgets to manage the high costs of changeover method except for the Direct Cutover. Since IT team has to operate and maintain one system at the time, therefore, it is recommended the least expensive changeover approach. Using this approach, old system starts working as soon as the new system comes to work. Abnormal errors may occur but they can be handled easily because of the simple implementation and development. As the school is not compatible with the old system, therefore this approach is only bet best option for the school system. It is difficult for the school to implement the parallel and other changeover techniques to implement for the school information system. Conclusion The analysis has been on an information system designed for a private school named as the Willowbrook School. The analysis report covers the type of system architecture the system will have, its advantages and disadvantages, systems physical and network topology, system design specification for the system, type of application development methodology the system will have, what type of testing will be done and how training will be given to different users of the system. Therefore, the report covers all the aspects related to the school system. References Curtis, G. (1989).Business information systems. Wokingham, England: Addison-Wesley. Dennis, A., Wixom, B. and Roth, R. (2012).System analysis and design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. George, J. (2004).Object-oriented systems analysis and design. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hoffer, J., George, J. and Valacich, J. (1999).Modern systems analysis and design. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. Howe, D. (2001).Data analysis for database design. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. Kroenke, D. (2009).MIS essentials. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Marmel, E. (2004).Microsoft Office Project 2003 bible. New York: Wiley. Maciaszek, L. (2001).Requirements analysis and system design. Harlow, England: Addison-Wesley. Valacich, J., George, J. and Hoffer, J. (2001).Essentials of systems analysis and design. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

Musical Analysis free essay sample

Throughout time there have been thousands of composers and millions of pieces of music created by these artists. To list all of these great people would probably take a lifetime to do. So with great pains, I have narrowed my list down to Just five; John Phillip Souza, Johann Sebastian Bach, George Gershwin, Frederic Chopin and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Stars and Stripes Forever by J. P. Souza performed by the U. S. Marine band is a arching tune used by high school, college and military bands. The song has heavy percussion beats to help musicians keep In step with the music. The melody Is very strong so that the band can be heard from a distance. The tone and texture of the piece Is very Blvd and demand attention from the audience while being played. Even though this piece Is demanding and exact, I Like that It flows easily and makes me want to follow along with the band. We will write a custom essay sample on Musical Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rhapsody in Blue by George Gershwin is a slow yet quick easy listening blues piece. It has complex syncopated rhythmic movement with very little dead areas.It is minor key driven giving the melody more emphasis. The texture has lots of dynamic highs and lows that keep the listener entertained. I like this piece of music because it is suspenseful, but gives away its own answers. I have listened to this piece many times as well as others of Gershwins. He is truly a remarkable composer. The Double Harpsichord Concerto in C Major by J. S. Bach performed by David Garrett Is a relatively smooth Baroque piece. In this arrangement, one of the ripcords Is replaced by a violin.To me, It Is Like listening to a conversation between good friends. They speak to each other so easily and compliment the other one. The tone between the harpsichord and the violin move like a knife through butter. I really like how mellow the rhythm is. I just want to kick back and close my eyes and let the world float away. Revolution Etude in C Minor by Frederic Chopin is a technical masterpiece of the Romantic Era. Both his melody and harmony in this piece is so elaborate that sometimes it is hard to follow along.The tone to me seems kind of dark or violent. It makes me feel like I am in the middle of a melodrama and this is the music for the moustache twirling bad guy. Even though I find it a pleasant piece, I do not find it calming. I feel rather tense and am anticipating the end of the piece, like the end will never come. Last but certainly not least Is the Marriage of Figaro, Clarinet Concerto Move. 1. By W. A. Mozart. This classical piece Is very lighthearted and bouncy. When listening, I can picture ballerinas all over the stage floating through the air.The harmony and of fact and leaves the listener knowing that the story is done. The violins set an upbeat tone that invites the listener to stay longer. I really am fond of this piece and love that when it is over, I am feeling good and I am ready to hear more. It really was very hard to decide who I would critique. I am extremely fond of all these composers and their music. There were so many that needed a voice, but maybe another time. One great pleasure in my life is that I get to hear them regularly as I work, study or play. Musical Analysis free essay sample It was performed by Alden Advertorial (2009). Chopin was a composer In the Romantic period. This is a sad piano piece. Chopin wrote primarily for the piano. The piece range was almost monotone in nature. The sound was in scale rising and lowering using the same melody throughout the piece. The tones were kept uniform repeating over and over again. I found this piece of music one dimensional. It was dark and depressing in nature. It is not music that I would seek out to relax and enjoy.Piece number two was composed by Johannes Brahms POP. 49 No. 4 Wellsville / Lullaby written In the romantic period. This piece was performed by Ads Slovakia Concertmaster (2007), I found this music comforting an familiar. Concertmaster performed this from the original composition on the violin. I played this music to my children and my grandchildren to relax them and put them to sleep, singing the lyrics, as my mother sang to me. We will write a custom essay sample on Musical Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The melody was arithmetic and soothing to my ears. Johannes Brahms repeated the same tones in the beginning, middle, ending. I was able to discern both the violin and harp in the music, mimicking each other. The lullaby has so many precious memories for me, I cannot help feeling Joy with this music. Moving on to the Classical Period I chose to listen to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Requiem, conducted by Karl Boom (2007). This piece had much more depth in texture and tonality. Mozart raised and lowered the power of the piece using both instrumental diversity and note volume to emphasize the piece. Listening to this piece brought me memories of going to the cathedral with my Grandmother. The inure mass was sung In Latin, so It was the music that led you to understanding the mass.The beginning of the piece was sad changing the tone to almost a jubilation or celebration of life. I enjoyed this piece immensely. My second classical selection is Ludwig Von Beethovens Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-Sharp Minor, performed by Ellison Believable (2010). This is a piano piece with complexity in the melody I find myself feeling melancholy. I cannot help but feel that there was deep sorrow In the person who wrote this music. It Is almost that the person was lost amidst his sorrow. The melody repeats Itself but Is different though out the performance. I almost wanted to find this person and hug them to remove such pain from their life. I was strangely mesmerism, unsure whether to enjoy the music or turn away from the pain. From the Baroque Period I selected one of my favorite pieces, Sebastian Bach Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Pop. 67 (2011). There is a complexity in Bachs compositions that I have not heard in the other composure. I felt energize and excited by this rendition. Bach uses Texture, tonality, melody, and complexity In this piece. The range of emotions changes from moment to moment. It Is whimsical at one moment, changing veracity in a moment notice.

Effects of Global Warming on Penguins Essays

Effects of Global Warming on Penguins Essays Effects of Global Warming on Penguins Essay Effects of Global Warming on Penguins Essay Effects of Global Warming Penguins, Disease, Health Global warming is a very popular topic of conversation worldwide. People have speculated wildly about the causes, effects and solutions. Although global warming does not affect my life now, it is a danger that could impact the lives of my children. Global warming is defined as an increase in the average temperature of the earths atmosphere that is theorized to contribute to climatic change and rising sea levels due to heat trapped by greenhouse gases. Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier was a French mathematician who came up with the first theory of global warming in 1824 when he discovered that the Earth’s temperature was increasing (NewspaperArchive. com par 3). Fourier argued that â€Å"the Earth’s atmosphere traps  solar radiation  and reflects it back toward the earth† (NewspaperArchive. com par 3). It was later named the greenhouse effect in the late 19th century when Nobel Laureate Svante Arrhenius used the term to â€Å"explain how  carbon dioxide  traps heat in the Earths atmosphere† (NewspaperArchive. om par 4). This theory was later dismissed in favor of Milutin Milankovich’s hypothesis that climate change correlates with orbital changes of the earth, until the 1950s when scientist G. S. Callendar warned that the greenhouse effect was real and significantly impacting Earth’s atmosphere (NewspaperArchive. com par 5). The media speculated in the 20th century about the possible ef fects; some sources predicted the return of the ice age while others wondered about the massive flooding caused by the melting of the ice caps (NewspaperArchive. om par 6). Through reading and basic research I have discovered that global warming negatively impacts several species of penguins, infectious diseases, and public health and mortality rates aggravated by floods, droughts, and heat waves. Juame Forcada and his colleagues from the British Antarctic Survey and Natural Environment Research Council have investigated the effects of climate warming and resulting sea ice reductions on the habitats of Adelie and chinstrap penguins. Forcada et al. 411). Forcada further asserts that new evidence implies that global warming has caused the number of cold years, and consequently heavy winter sea ice, to decrease which harmfully effects â€Å"ice-dependent penguins† (411). Specifically, the populations of Adelie and chinstrap penguins have declined due to breeding failures and dec reasing food supply (419). A study of the breeding performance and diet of chinstrap and Adelie penguins†¦indicated that both species had breeding failures†¦during the most persistent negative anomaly in sea ice extent†¦associated with a reduction in Antarctic krill biomass† (419). Both Adelie and chinstrap penguins are dependent on Antarctic krill as a staple of their diet (Gonzalez et al. 2). Areas where the food supply is dependent on sea ice as a constant feature of the environment indicates that climate warming will result in simultaneous population declines (Forcada et al. 421). Celine Le Bohec from the Departement d’Ecolgie, et Ethologie, at the Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien and her colleagues agree that the same adverse effects impact the King penguin population, â€Å"Warm events negatively affect both breeding success and adult survival of this seabird†¦Breeding reveals an immediate response to†¦warm phases of El Nino Southern Oscillation affecting food availability† (Le Bohec et al. 2493). In addition, the king penguins’ survival and breeding success is reduced when the air temperature and sea-surface temperature is high (2495). Finally, Le Bohec concludes that, â€Å"King penguin populations are at heavy extinction risk under the current global warming predictions† (2493). The consequences of global warming heavily affect the marine ecosystem. (Forcada et al. 411). â€Å"Many health outcomes and diseases are sensitive to climate, including†¦infectious diseases† (Patz, Olson 535). According to J. A. Patz and S. H. Olson from the Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, infectious disease can be transmitted from organism to organism, and one of the most deadly diseases is malaria (Patz, Olson 539, 540). Between 700,000 and 2. 7 million people – mostly children in sub-Saharan Africa – die each year of malaria, and, thanks to climate†¦change†¦there is no evidence that malaria attributable mortality is falling† (540). The transmission of malaria has also been linked with temperature fluctuations in highly endemic areas (540). In Punjab, a region in In dia, extreme rainfall and the humidity that resulted have been accepted for years as major indicators of malaria epidemics (540). Patz claims that â€Å"More recently in the region, the frequency of malaria epidemics was observed to increase approximately five-fold† (545). Andy Haines from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine concurs with the findings of Patz and Olson: â€Å"Climate change will cause†¦increase in the population at risk in Africa†¦climate change will also lengthen the transmission season in many areas, causing a 16-28% increase in the total number of person-months of exposure† (Haines et al. 590). Public health in many places will be heavily impacted by climate warming. Patz and Olson also discuss the deaths resulting from severe storms, natural disasters, rising sea level and droughts that occur with ever increasing frequency as a result of climate change: â€Å"Floods, droughts, and extreme storms have claimed millions of lives during the recent past, and have adversely affected the lives of many more people† (Patz, Olson 537). Disasters alone have claimed the lives of 123,000 people in the world each year (537). â€Å"Africa suffers the highest rate of disaster-related deaths, even though 80% of the people affected by natural disasters are in Asia† (537). These catastrophes can also cause mental disorders, such as post-traumatic-stress disorder among people depending on the â€Å"unexpectedness of the impact, the intensity of the experience, and the long-term exposure to the visual signs of the disaster† (537). Haines agrees, â€Å"Natural disasters have a variety of health impacts. â€Å"These range from immediate effects of physical injury and morbidity and mortality through potential long lasting effects on mental health† (Haines et al. 588). Additionally, Haines attributes most deaths caused by flooding to an increased drowning risk (588). In 1996, 86 people died from a flood in the town of Biescas in Spain as a consequence of the stream of water and mud that suddenly covered a campsite located near a channelized river† (588). â€Å"Slow-rise river flood events† have also led to fatalities: â€Å"In 1997, river floods in central Europe left of 200,000 people homeless, and more than 100 people were kill ed† (588). Lastly, droughts are a concern both Patz and Haines comment on, â€Å"Droughts may have wide ranging effects on health including on nutrition†¦forest fires causing air pollution† (589). â€Å"That droughts cause famines well recognized†¦. Droughts and other climate extremes†¦have a direct impact on food crops† (Patz, Olson 538). While Patz and Olson admit that the projection of climate change on food production appears to be neutral, â€Å"such change will probably exacerbate regional inequalities in the food supply. As there is a breakdown in sanitation as water resources become depleted, droughts can also increase the incidence of diarrhea and diseases, such as scabies, conjunctivitis, and trachoma† (538). Patz and Haines are also in agreement that heat waves can be deadly. â€Å"Mortality rises in hot weather† (Haines et al. 588). According to Patz, â€Å"In the U. S. A. , heat waves are more deadly than hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes combined† (Patz, Olson 535). In an incredible heat wave that affected much of Europe in 2003, up to 45,000 people were killed in 2 weeks (535). Haines states, â€Å"Impact on mortality occurred in France where it was estimated that 14,800 excess deaths occurred during the first 3 weeks of August 2003†¦the sustained period of extreme high temperatures unique in the recorded history of Paris, together with housing designed for cooler summers, caused a major public health crisis† (Haines et al. 588). Moreover, â€Å"the excess mortality from heatwaves is related to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory causes† (588). Air pollution compounds the effects of warmer weather and could contribute to a greater number of deaths (Patz, Olson 536 and Haines et al. 588). â€Å"It is very likely that climate change will be associated with increase in the frequency of heatwaves† (Haines et al. 588). The occurrence of heat waves, given the effect on health, is something that is not desired. As a result of my research I have learned that global warming is a visible threat to both animals and people. To prevent loss of life and extinction of species, this menace should be addressed and dealt with. Forcada, Jaume, P. N. Trathan, K. Reid, E. J. Murphy, and J. P. Croxall. Contrasting population changes in sympatric penguin species in association with climate warming. Global Change Biology 12. 3 (2006): 411-23. Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. Gonzalez, Virginia G. , Rodolfo W. Kinkelin, and Mark Stevens. Ecosystem-Based Management of the Antarctic Krill Fishery to Protect Penguins and Other Krill Predators. Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition. ASOC. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. soc. org/. Haines, Andy, R. S. Kovats, D. Campbell-Lendrum, and C. Corvalan. Climate change and human health: Impacts, vulnerability and public health. Public Health 120. 7 (2005): 585-96. Public Health. Elsevier, Inc, July 2006. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. publichealthjrnl. com/home. History of Global Warming. NewspaperArchive. com. Heritage Microfilm, Inc. , 2009. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. newspaperarchive. com/. Le Bohec, Celine, Joel M. Durant, Michel Gauthier-Clerc, Nils C. Stenseth, Young-Hyang Park, Roger Pradel, David Gremillet, Jean-Paul Gendner, and Yvon Le Maho. King penguin population threatened by Southern Ocean warming. PNAS 105. 7 (2008): 2493-497. PNAS. National Academy of Sciences, 19 Feb. 2008. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. pnas. org/. Patz, Jonathan A. , and S. H. Olson. Change and health: global to local influences on disease risk. Annals of Tropical Medicine Parasitology 100. 6 (2006): 535-49. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. http://web. ebscohost. com. libdb. dccc. edu/ehost/search? vid=1hid=111[emailprotected].

Nursing Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Literature - Essay Example According to Davis et.al. (2003) there is no difference in the use of CPM post operatively or not. This study used randomized patients studied in three different group through a six month period. They looked at length of stay, pain control and flexion of the knee. The results of the research should that there was no difference in range of motion, pain, or utilization of services between patients that had just physical therapy and patients who also have CPM. This was supported by a study done by Denis et.al.(2006). This group performed a randomized control trial that was very similar and weighted the use of CPM in different intervals ranging from 35 minutes per day to continuous ROM. These were compared to patients who had active physical therapy. The results showed that there was no difference between the results of each of the combinations of therapy. Controversy comes when Wells et.al. (2008) did a meta-analysis of 14 studies. This analysis showed that in 14 randomized control trials the results were that CPM and PT increased active knee flexion and reduced hospital stay as well as pain and increased range of motion. Again, however, in the study done by Bruun-Olsen et.al (2009) in a randomized control trial done with active exercises versus CPM, results were very similar to other studies noted for this paper. There were not statistical differences noted between the control group and the trial group. Lenssen et.al. (2008) essentially agrees in his comparison of CPM during the 1st rehab phase to active physical therapy without CPM. This study shows only slight improvement with the use of CPM and is supported by Grilla (2008) who finds no support for CPM as improving any outcomes. In conclusion, of the six studies that were reviewed, only one supported the use of CPM for increased motion, reduced length of stay or reduced pain. One, which was a meta-analysis did support it but is vague in its content. From these six studies alone, there is no evidence based answer. There is reason to further research the use of CPM in post of knee replacement. References Bruun-Olsen, V., Heiberg, K. & Mengshoel, A. (2009). Continuous passive motion as an adjunct to active exercises in early rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty. Disability and Rehabilitiation. 31(4). 277-283. Retrieved from Academic

BUS303 MODULE 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BUS303 MODULE 1 - Assignment Example Additionally, defamatory statements should be avoided because the company will take them with a lot of seriousness. This may entail filling a court suit against employees who tend to use defamatory statements when sending their emails, the company may further terminate the services rendered by employees who continue violating company email announcement policies. This means that they should disclose their contact details such as names, employee pin address, phone numbers, email address and the subject of their emails. The company will not accept emails containing graphics because the company would consider them less formal and unprofessional. Any email received from employees and all the stakeholders will be maintained in the company data base for future references and communication. Incase of clarity and quick responses employees are advised to follow the procedure of filling the forms available in the company website. Connectively, employees are advised to close check their emails b efore they press a sent button in order to clarify any unclear issue. On the contrary, XYZ company will ensure that all email sent by employees comply with the company email policies. In above connection, email sent will be treated with a lot of confidentiality and that no email sent by employees will be disclosed to any third party without the consent of the recipient. Additionally, after the company has received an email from employees or any other stake holder, an automatic email notification will be sent within twenty four hours to show the recipient that the XYZ Company is in receipt of an email sent. Afterwards, the relevant department will review the email sent and provide necessary feedback within two to five business days whereby, weekends and holidays will not be considered as business days. During the review the relevant department will assess whether the email sent is in compliance with the company email policy guidelines as provided in the book let. The company is looki ng forward to supply email policy booklet that provide a comprehensive discussion of the email policy guidelines. Incase of any assistance, employees are encouraged to seek for the advice in order to ensure that email policies are followed to the latter. Therefore, employees are advised to read the XYZ Company email policy guidelines and adhere to them until further announcements are made. From the Managing Director, XYZ Company Signature Summary on email policy announcement The main aim of adopting new email announcement policies is because the XYZ Company is contemplating global expansion to diversify its portfolio into other nation across the world. Therefore, the company wants to be more professional unlike before when dealing with its employees and all the relevant stakeholders (Christensen, Para, 3). This is because by being professional the company will attract numerous investors from the diaspora as many investors would have confidence with the company (Christensen, Para, 3- 5). The policy of ensuring that an email addressed to XYZ Company are precised and to the point may help to capture the necessary information without much strain and therefore, efficiency and effectiveness in communication will be enhanced (Johnson, PP.14-17). Connectively, the policy of using non defamatory statement aims at ensuring that the information

Examining Major Library Management Software Information Technology Essay

Examining Major Library Management Software Information Technology Essay With the gradual shift from earlier agricultural era to todays information era the users expectations towards library services has been changed. Now a days users are intended to get their required information through online. Even they have not enough time to search manual bibliographical sources of information to know the location of the document in the library, they needed. Users are so busy now. Therefore it is necessary for every library information centers to automate their services that are offered to the users of information. 2. WHAT IS LIBRARY AUTOMATION? International Encyclopedia of Information technology and library science defines automation as the technology concerned with the design and development of process and system that minimize the necessity of human invention in their operation. The term Library Automation in the past was used to refer to the mechanization of the traditional library operations like acquisition, serial control, cataloguing and circulation control. Today it is used to refer computerization of not only traditional library activities but also such related activities as information organization, information storage, retrieval, use etc Although computers play very important role in the automation of libraries, application of telecommunication and reprography technology is also equally important. 3. NEED FOR LIBRARY AUTOMATION The need for library automation can be explained following To facilitate wider and deeper access to information; To increase the retrievability of the resources; To achieve a new level of library management; To improve the existing services and to introduce new services; To improve control over collection; To have an efficient control over the entire operation; To avoid the duplication of work; To facilitate sharing of the resources among various libraries. Some of the factors that forced the libraries to go for automating the activities are: Information Explosion; Space Saving; Time saving; Availability of information in electronic form; Cost effectiveness; Data manipulation; Exploitation of computer readable databases. Therefore it can be said that the success of library automation mostly depends upon the nature of the software used for the purpose. Software helps in performing each every operations of an automated library information centers so quickly easily. 4. WHAT IS LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE? An automated library is one where a computer system is applied to manage one or several of the librarys key operations. Such as acquisitions, serials control, cataloging, circulation and the public access catalogue. Automated library system depends on library automation packages are also called Library Management Software (LMS). Library automation software provides centralized management and process automation for government; public, private libraries .Library automation applications provide integration of self-service kiosks and online web portal access for catalog search, content delivery or reservation requests and patron check-out history. They also track and automate notification of overdue books and fines. 5. BENEFITS OF USING LMS IN LIBRARY Software helps in performing library operations quickly easily and thus saving the time of the users and staff. It also saves the manpower. LMS are integrated software package. LMS are compatible to various hardware systems. It is compatible to national international bibliographic standards. Operation in a multi-user environment. Operation in a networked environment. User friendly and menu driven. Least response time. Capable of handling bibliographical, numerical as well as textual data, also variable field. Sub-fields repeatable fields. Provision of data security through password. Provision for thesaurus and authority file maintenance. Output facility through card printing; bibliographies and on magnetic media (tape; diskette etc). Facilitate search through Boolean logic; Single term search; Multiple term search; Truncation search; Field directed searching etc. Import/ Export of data through standard exchange format. Provide powerful scanner capabilities. Display, sort and print records as per user defined formats. WWW interfacing. Multimedia compatibility. 6. LIBRARY AUTOMATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES There are hundreds of library automation software packages available at the global level. It is difficult to list them all. Here is a table that shows list of some available software packages designed and developed for the libraries. TABLE: 1 Sl. No. Name of the software Designing, Developing, Marketing/Distributing Agency/Organizations 1 CDS/ISIS (DOS), WINISIS(WINDOWS) UNESCO ,in India NISSAT/DSIT acts as the nodal agency 2 ALICE for Windows ,OASIS for DOS Soft Link Pvt., Australia. Marketed in India by Soft Link Asia 3 BASISPLUS and TECHLIB PLUS Information Dimensions Inc.(IDI), USA and NIC, New Delhi 4 SOUL INFLBNET center, Ahamedabad 5 Libsys Libsys corporation, New Delhi 6 Koha Katipo Communications Limited of Wellington, New Zealand 7 VIRTUAILS VTLS Inc, Virginia, USA 8 LAMP Jointly by Netherlands Library Association ,Pakistan Library Association and UNESCO 9 LIBSUIT SOFT-AID Computer Ltd., Pune 10 LIBRIS Frontier Information Technology Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad 11 WINSANJAY By DESIDOC under a NISSAT project 12 NG-TLMS.NET Developed in Germany by TRANCE Group 13 AUTOLIB By Autolib Software System, Chennai 14 E-GRANTHALYA By NIC, Bangalore 15 GRANTHALYA NISCAIR 16 NEWGENLIB By collaboration of Kesavan Institute of Information and Knowledge Management(KIIKM), Hyderabad and Venus Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 17 NEXLIB NEX Evolve Logic Solution Pvt. Ltd. 18 SLIM Algorhythems Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Pune 19 LIBMAN Datapro Consultancy Service,Pune 20 Maitrayee CMC Ltd., Kolkata 21 MINISIS Nirmal Institute of Computer Expertise, Tiruchirapalli 22 TULIP Tata Unisys, Noida 23 NILIS Asmita Consultant Ltd.,Mumbai 24 EASYLIB Easylib Corporation, Bangalore 25 TROODON Comtek service Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 6.1 SOUL: A SEMI COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE SOUL (Software for University Libraries) provided by INFLIBNET center, Ahmedabad, INDIA. This software is intended to be provided to all the university libraries, which have been covered under INFLIBNET for which a separate agreement will have to be signed by each library. For others who are interested in using this software, particularly public funded organizations, separate modalities are being worked out including pricing, support, training etc. Hardly a cost in comparison to other commercial software is given by the libraries. That is why SOUL software is a semi commercial software. The software was designed to automate all house keeping operations in Library. The software is suitable not only for the academic libraries, but also for all types sizes of libraries, even school libraries. 6.2 LIBSYS: A PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE Libsys is a proprietary software. The term proprietary is derived from the Latin word proprietas meaning property. Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of its owner. The purchaser, or licensee, is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, but restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering. LIBSYS is developed by Libsys Corporation, New Delhi. Libsys is a complete, comprehensive, integrated system that manages all aspects of all kind of libraries i.e. public, national, higher education and research libraries. 6.3 KOHA: AN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE KOHA is a full featured Integrated Library System. It is an open source software. There is no cost for the license; you have the freedom to modify the product to adapt it to your needs. Like other open source software KOHA also provide the original source code used to create it so that users can modify it to make it work better for them. KOHA developed initially in New Zealand by Katipo Communications with Horowhenua Library Trust in1999. Koha is using now by so many libraries around the world, including academic, public, school, special libraries of Australia, Africa, Canada, USA, France, India and off course New Zealand. 7. COMPARISONS BETWEEN THESE THREE KINDS OF SOFTWARE This paper gives emphasize on a comparative study among these 3 types of software. Each one has unique features regarding to its server, web server, Architecture, client, price, standard support, training provided to the customers etc. The following Table: 2 Shows the comparisons between these. TABLE: 2 Sl. No. FEATURE SOUL LIBSYS KOHA 1 Architecture Client-server based architecture, only OPAC is web based. Based on client-server model and TCP/IP for communication and networking. Based on a client-server architecture. 2 Server Windows-NT/ Windows2000 server (operating system) MS-SQL server 7.0/ Advance server 2000(RDBMS) personal web server or Windows NT IIS with option pack 4.0 installed or Windows 2000 as server for web opac college version windows-98/ ME/NT/2000/XP/2003(operating system). UNIX, LINUX Pentium machine with SCO Unix/Unix Ware SunSparc with solaris Alpha with OSF/1 RS/6000 with AIX HP-9000 with IRIX Windows NT/2000/XP Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP/ 2003(operating system) Windows/Linux 3 Client Standard Windows (95/98/NT/2000/XP) Standard Windows (95/98/NT/2000/XP) Web Enabled (JSP implementation) Unix Workstations X-Windows Workstations (Xterm) VT220 compatible terminals Thin Java clients. Windows/Linux 4 Web server IIS Apache, IIS Apache, IIS. 5 GUI Based on GUI browsers. Based on GUI browsers. Based on GUI browsers. 6 Character Encoding Unicode for Language Computing Support ISCII UNICODE UNICODE 7 Standard support Support internationally known standards such as MARC 21, CCF, AACR2, LCSH. MARC 21 and AACR2R(selected authority fields) a)Industry standards: Z39.50, UNIMARC, ISO2709, MARC21 b)Technical standards: the OPAC is valid XHTML, and respects the standards o accessibility c) web standards recommended by the WWW Consortium. 8 Database MSSQL, MYSQL Software can be used with either SQL Server, ORACLE, or MySQL as a back-end RDBMS with ODBC compatibility. Koha uses a dual database design that utilizes the strengths of the two major industry-standard database types (text-based and RDBMS). This design feature ensures that Koha is scalable enough to meet the transaction load of any library, no matter what the size of the library. 9 Data import /export data exchange through ISO-2709 standard CCF(ISO-2709), MARC(ANSI-Z39.x) data exchange through ISO-2709 standard 10 Acquisition Module yes yes yes Catalogue Module yes yes yes Circulation Module yes yes yes OPAC Module yes yes yes Serial Control Module yes yes yes Administrati-on Module yes yes yes 11 Training and manual An extensive training in SOUL will be provided to the library staff on site upon its installation by Inflibnet staff Only user manual is available, system manual (such as installation and configuration of server not provided) system manual kept hidden or not provided so that AMC (Annual Maintenance Contract) can be taken from libraries. Full training and manual is provided 12 Support Team National and Regional Soul coordinators are appointed for this,free support is provided Costly only on the basis of AMC(10 to 20% of total costs) charged from the libraries Only online discussion and support is available free of cost 13 Price 20-50 thousand. No AMC 4 to 5 lakhs and 10-20% AMC. Free 14 License No other commitment, what is their in it may be used Bias with developers and distributors, even committed things are not yet done properly at various places where it is in use. General Public License 15 Latest Release SOUL 1.0 was released during CALIBER 2000. The latest version of the software i.e. SOUL 2.0 released by the end of the year 2008. 3.2 (October 2010) 16 Nature of developing organization Non for profit or government Commercial Developing under open source category. 8. CONCLUSION As it was mentioned earlier that the success of library automation mostly depends upon the nature of the software it is used for. Therefore it is necessary for any library information center that they choose the software very carefully. The management must discuss about how the software matches the librarys requirements, product quality, cost factor, various features of the software, its functions, installation date and time duration of installation, staff training, support services, licensing, used standard etc. Here we discussed about these 3 software and it can be said that as in Koha the source code is open so the users are free to innovate and improve the software to meet their needs free. Innovation also means that open source software has much faster development cycles when compared to proprietary and commercial software. Because as the source code is open so it can be improve again again. But this is not possible in the case of other 2 software. LIBSYS is so costly (around 4-5 lakhs). So it is not possible for a small library to adopt it. But in case of a big library where money is not a big issue for their LIBSYS is appropriate. Because data entry, searching procedure is so much easy in LIBSYS and also when technical support is needed for application of the software in the library LIBSYS always provide it. Although SOUL is not so costly but it required a large technically strong manpower. So SOUL is appropriate for a big library who can provide manpower but at the same time they have not enough money to effort LIBSYS or some other costly software. Although SOUL has a college version also. And for a small library which can not afford money but they are intendent to make their services and operational functions automate and even they have not also manpower ability. For them KOHA is the only option. Even though wide range of Library automation softwares are available , it is necessary for librarians to keep watch on the developments and to choose appropriate software package depending on their needs.

Existence of God :: Ontological arguments

The dilemma of the existence of God has troubled mankind for thousands of years. Many philosophers have put forth their theories in order to prove the existence of God. Most of these arguments can be termed as ontological. These arguments differ from other arguments for the existence of God since they are not based on empirical data such as the existence or nature of the universe, but are rather grounded in pure logic. First we will consider the arguments presented by Anselm. He believed that God is ‘that than which nothing greater can be conceived’; if one understand this, then God exists in his mind; but it is greater to exist in reality as well as in the mind than to exist only in the mind; therefore, something that exists only in the mind is not ‘that than which nothing greater can be conceived’; therefore, God exists in reality as well. Anselm also puts this another way: we can conceive of a being that cannot be conceived not to exist; such a being is greater than one that can be conceived not to exist; therefore the greatest conceivable being cannot be conceived not to exist; therefore, the greatest conceivable being exists. This argument does seem to conclude that something resembling the traditional theistic God exists – unlike the cosmological and teleological arguments, which seem restricted to a creator and a designer respectively. This argument was immediately criticized by Gaunilo, who argued that parallel reasoning could be applied to prove the existence of a perfect island. This is a reduction of Anselm’s position: it shows it to have absurd consequences. However, it is not clear that there is a coherent concept of the perfect island to start with: how many palm trees is the perfect number? Anselm’s own reply seems to distinguish the perfect island – which is a perfect example of one kind of thing – from the perfect being – which is a perfect example of a thing, with no restriction to kind. It is no virtue, excellence, perfection of an island qua island that it exists, but it is a virtue, excellence, perfection of a being that it exists, so the argument works only for the concept of a perfect being. The bigger criticism is the one Kant levied at Descartes’s version of the argument, but applies equally to Anselm’s. It is that existence is not a great-making quality of a being, because it is not a quality of a being at all; in Kant’s terms ‘existence is not a real predicate’.

HR Contributes at SYSCO

Many people in the United States are not familiar with SYSCO, but they see its results because SYSCO is the largest food services and distribution company with almost $24 billion in annual sales. SYSCO supplies food products to customers in restaurants, hotels, supermarkets, hospitals, and other companies. In a firm the size of SYSCO with more than 40,000 employees, HR management is making significant contributions to organizational success. As an indication of this success, SYSCO received the Optimas award for general HR Excellence from Workforce Magazine. Beginning several years ago, the need to revitalize HR activities was recognized by both executives and senior HR staff members. At the time, the SYSCO operating regions had administered many of their own HR practices. To bring change to HR corporate-wide, while preserving the entrepreneurial independence of the regions, a â€Å"market-driven† HR approach was developed. In this approach, corporate HR identified ways it could assist regional operations, and then developed programs and services that met regional needs. However, unlike in many other corporations where corporate HR programs would be â€Å"mandated† to operating units, SYSCO took a different approach. Key to market-driven HR is that managers in the regional operations must be convinced to â€Å"buy† the corporate HR services. For example, if a supervisory training program is developed by corporate HR, regional managers decide if they want to use the program for supervisory training in their regions. Another part of creating HR as market driven was the establishment by corporate HR of a Virtual Resource Center (VRC) to provide services to managers and employees. A key aspect of the VRC is use of HR technology to gather extensive data on HR activities and provide that data to operating managers. One source of data is workplace climate surveys of employees. Using the survey data, HR developed initiatives to increase safety, which reduced workers’ compensation claims by 30%, resulting in savings of $10 million per year. Another problem that SYSCO had was high turnover rates of night shift warehouse workers. Recruiting these workers has been a constant challenge for SYSCO and other distribution firms. By implementing a variety of programs and services, based on employee and managerial input from surveys, the retention rate for these warehouse employees has been increased by 20%, resulting in savings of $15 million per year. These savings are due to reduced time and money spent recruiting, selecting, and training new employees. Also, employees with more experience are more productive and more knowledgeable about SYSCO operations and products. Another area where HR has contributed is with truck and delivery drivers. Data gathered through the VRC has been used to revise base pay and incentive programs, increase driver retention rates, and improve driver safety records. Additionally, customer satisfaction rates increased and delivery expenses declined. All of these changes illustrate that HR efforts at SYSCO have been paying off for the company, managers, and employees. But as the value of HR efforts is recognized by more managers, HR’s role at SYSCO is likely to continue growing and changing.

Analysis Of The Brief Wondrous Life Of Oscar Wao - 1200 Words

The Faceless Man Throughout Junot Diaz’s novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, the Man Without a Face is a recurring character with no evident features. All of his scenes include an event in which he is either a mysterious spectator watching the distress around himself or joins in on the torture. His appearances throughout the story are suggestive of evil or violent incidents that are about to occur. More times than not, the acts are performed by Trujillo s men. Almost consistently, he emerges whenever one of the main characters is in great discord. The faceless man symbolizes the foreshadowing of malicious occurrences caused by Fukà º. Fukà º is a prevalent theme throughout the novel and is portrayed through the faceless man. The Washington Post speaks of their interview with Diaz and stated, â€Å"â€Å"Fuku americanus† Diaz explains, is generally a curse or a doom of some kind; specifically the Curse and the Doom of the New World. It seems especially contagious and deadly in the Dominican Republic, where it is believed that the arrival of Europeans on Hispaniola unleashed the Fukà º on the world.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Review: It’s a Wonderful Life 4). Fukà º is shown through the many horrific events that are shown throughout. Trujillo is believed to be able to put the curse on whoever he chooses for many generations to follow. In the news article Fukà º Americanus, Deresiewicz states, â€Å"The white man’s advent, the narrator tells us, released a demon into the world: Fukà º americanus, â€Å"the Curse andShow MoreRelatedThe Brief Wondrous Life Of Oscar Wao Analysis1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, a novel composed by Junot Diaz, Oscar Wao tells in what presents to be an oral conversation, consisting in part youth with popular cultural references to fantasy and sci-fi, or American hip-hop, and of Spanish slang extracted from the language of Puerto Rican, Dominican, Cuban, and South American. Diaz uses transnational as a critique contributing to the inspection of the achievements and the limitations of multiculturalism and its academic phenomenon, ethnicRead MoreAnalysis Of The Brief Wondrous Life Of Oscar Wao857 Words   |  4 Pagesthem is called Junot Diaz. â€Å"The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao† is the title of Junot Diaz book in which we can perceive the author’s allusion to William’s Shakespe are play in order to comprehend the book better wise. There are many allusions that Junot Diaz had in mind of the play â€Å"The Tempest† while writing his book and the one that beats them all is the resembles of the rightful Duke of Milan in the play, Prospero and Yunior, the narrator of the story of Oscar Wao. Each of their personalities,Read MoreThe Brief Wondrous Life Of Oscar Wao Analysis935 Words   |  4 Pagesthey were your friend, in the end, it is for the best. In the novel, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao written by Junot Dà ­az, Oscar recognizes his friends are not genuine companions. This is evident because they exclude Oscar when they hang out, make derogatory remarks towards him, and overall making him feel inferior to them. Oscar’s friend Al, assists Oscar’s other friend, Miggs, in finding a girlfriend, while excluding Oscar, â€Å"It killed him that they hadn’t thought to include him in their girlRead MoreAnalysis of The Brief Won drous Life of Oscar Wao1003 Words   |  5 Pagesthere is love, there is life†. Human beings cannot live a fulfilled life without love of some kind. In Junot Diaz’s Novel, â€Å"The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao† we see that love plays a vital role. Love, or the lack of it, impacts each individual in the story and leads them to become reckless or grow stronger. Whether its love from a parent, from a friend, or a significant other, we need it to function, to grow, and to be able to accept ourselves. At a young age, Oscar was what nowadays you mayRead MoreThe Brief Wondrous Life Of Oscar Wao Analysis772 Words   |  4 Pages Giving up friends you know and love is difficult, however if they were never your friend, in the end, it is for the best. In the novel, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, Dà ­az makes Oscar experience numerous hardships, and makes him to overcome them. One of these hardships were when Oscar recognizes his friends are not genuine, and has to make a choice to continue being friends with them or letting them go. He concludes they are not genuine when they exclude him when they hang out and makeRead MoreThe Brief Wondrous Life Of Oscar Wao Analysis1868 Words   |  8 Pagesof Life Throughout the novel, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, Oscar falls in love with several girls throughout his life whom never love him back. This is partially due to Oscar’s love for women that are extremely out of his league. These women are beautiful and desire the stereotypical man which is the opposite of overweight, nerdy Oscar. Several songs display the scenes throughout Oscar’s life in which he falls head over heels for women that would never publicly date him. When Oscar isRead MoreAnalysis Of Junot Diazs The Brief Wondrous Life Of Oscar Wao1016 Words   |  5 PagesIn Junot Diaz’s The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, Dominican men are judged via their embodiment of the hyper-masculine ideals and a number of women they sleep with. Outliers such as Oscar de Leon are therefore criticized, humiliated and emasculated by fellow members of society. Diaz characterizes Oscar’s plight as his struggle to lose his virginity: a major accomplishment of the Dominican, male ideal. Yunior, on the contrary, is the epitome of a Dominican man. He is able to sweep women off theirRead MoreAnalysis of Junot Diazs The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao870 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿To My Dear Friend Oscar, As one of your confidants and close companions, I know that you are one of this worlds rarest souls, a great person who has so much to offer the world, but one who simply prefers to keep the best parts of yourself private. I feel truly honored that you have revealed some of your secrets to me, and I want you to know that your friendship means more to me than you can ever imagine. You are misunderstood by a world which is unready and unwilling to know true beauty, andRead MoreAnalysis Of Junot Diazs The Brief Wondrous Life Of Oscar Wao962 Words   |  4 Pagesfated to happen whether mental or physical. This connects to Junot Diaz’s novel, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, because in it Diaz argues that all forms of colonization and oppression creates rebellion. He weaves this argument with Oscar’s characterization, the conflict between mother and daughter, Oscars’ â€Å"Last Laugh†. To begin, one must examine the characterization of our protagonist, Oscar. In the novel Oscar is an ample, second generation Dominican living in New Jersey. He loves to writeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Brief And Wondrous Life Of Oscar Wao By Junot Diaz, And The Plague Of Doves2293 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction: History is impossible to change but is imperative to learn from. Throughout three novels: The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Brief and Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Diaz, and The Plague of Doves by Louise Erdrich, each protagonist is faced with the challenge of overcoming events in their past to positively impact their present. However, each of the protagonists are unsuccessful, which results in them repeating mistakes of their past. Jay Gatsby is impacted by his love