Compressor Stall :: Essays Papers

Blower Stall Gas turbine motor execution is constrained by streamlined hazards called turning slow down and flood. As of now there are a few control methodologies for improving the operability limit of research center blowers by effectively controlling turning slow down and flood. Models which catch the subjective conduct of the streamlined dangers have been found to display bottomless unique conduct and to be helpful for planning control laws. Operability limit is characterized as the working point where consistent axisymmetric stream is unsteady and untolerable measure of pivoting slow down and flood is available in the framework. Operability improvement is characterized as the hole between the operability limit for the controlled framework and that for the uncontrolled framework. Operability upgrade is one of the fundamental objectives for dynamic control of pivoting slow down and flood. Actuator cutoff points and framework clamor are found to confine the operability improvement. We are keen on two issues: Examination issue: given a controller with actuator limits and certain clamor level, discover the operability improvement; Union issue: given a lot of controllers with actuator limits and certain clamor level, discover one that expand the operability upgrade. Things being what they are, the combination issue is a minimax issue. We attempt to answer the investigation issue and the union issue by nonlinear decrease utilizing bifurcation hypothesis and invariant complex hypothesis. For slow down control with drain valve actuators, we have inferred explanatory equations that concur subjectively with the trial results on a low speed rig. We have tackled the blend issue for the situation when flood origin is near slow down commencement by ordinary structure decrease for a low request blower model. We are likewise keen on stretching out the above control issues to general dynamical frameworks. We think focus complex decrease and ordinary structure decrease are potential tools.Gas turbine motor execution is constrained by streamlined dangers called turning slow down and flood.

A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen :: English Literature

To comprehend the significance of A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen we read the entire content. To go further into the significance we utilized our own dramatization capacities to investigate. To comprehend the significance of A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen we read the entire content. To go further into the significance we utilized our own dramatization capacities to investigate. We utilized Hot-Seating, Collages, and Still Image. These three things helped me comprehend the significance of the play what's more, investigate the characters further. The content doesn't let me know all that I have to know, a great deal of things are covered up, and methods are expected to jut realities. At the point when you start to comprehend the play you start to acknowledge what a fabulous play essayist Ibsen really is. We utilized Hot Seating from the start in the test. The educator would state a character and the stage the character is at in the play. The character I have decided to break down is Nora. Vicki played Nora in Hot-Seating. We all posed her inquiries to perceive how she addressed her. This helped a ton as we were discovering things out about Nora that are not obtusely expressed in the content. For instance we discover why she has macaroons and how it develops strain. When Vicki was being Nora it caused me to figure it out what Ibsen was doing with the Macaroons. He was developing pressure a tiny bit at a time. The macaroons were demonstrating the peruser of the play that Torvald had a command over Nora and that she had a defiant side to her. It gave us she would deceive Torvald. All through the play this upgrades and advances into something much greater. Nora has deceived Torvald and this time it is considerably more genuine than macaroons. She has sold out him and it is near him finding out. The macaroons were Ibsen's method of giving me that Nora was mischievous and could subvert Torvald and afterward it changes into something a lot greater. The peruser realizes this could occur yet when it does it stuns. To give me what I said above somebody asked the question Would you ever mislead Torvald? Vicki helped me comprehend that towards the end Nora starts to acknowledge she doesn't cherish Torvald what's more, that she chooses to leave him. This gave me that Torvald could NOT stop her and gives me how sexism has fell socially. Ibsen is attempting to show how awful sexism is in this play. , Using Nora and Torvald. I Played Mrs Linde in Hot-Seating, it helped me likewise being in he position.

The Positive Side to Your Anxiety

The Positive Side to Your Anxiety PTSD Symptoms Print The Positive Side to Your Anxiety By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 09, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 13, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Mixmike/Getty Images Most people view anxiety and fear as very unpleasant emotions, especially people with an anxiety disorder such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This is because anxiety and fear are often associated with uncomfortable bodily sensations, such as increased heart rate, muscle tension, sweating, racing thoughts, shortness of breath, and tunnel vision. In fact, anxiety and fear are often viewed as negative emotions. Even though anxiety and fear may feel unpleasant or uncomfortable, they are in no way negative. They actually serve a very important purpose, and it would be very hard to get by in life without these emotions. What Are Anxiety and Fear? Anxiety and fear are natural human emotions. They are our bodys alarm system. They occur in response to situations where we may be in danger or at risk for some kind of harm. Fear is an emotion that is experienced when we are actually in a dangerous situation, whereas anxiety is an emotion that occurs when we expect or anticipate that something unpleasant may happen. Take the analogy of riding a rolling coaster. Anxiety is what we would experience as we climb that first big hill, anticipating that something scary is going to happen soon (going down the other side of the hill). Fear is what we experience as we are actually going down that big hill. What Do Anxiety and Fear Do? Fear and anxiety tell us that there is some kind of danger present, and all the bodily sensations that go along with fear and anxiety are essentially designed to help us respond to that danger. Anxiety and fear are preparing us to flee, freeze, or to fight. They are part of our bodys built-in fight-or-flight response. This alarm system has been around for a long time. We likely would not have made it as a human race without it. Because it has worked so well for such a long time, it is very developed. It works fast with little effort. It is, in many ways, an automatic response. We dont have to think about this response. We dont have to deliberately set it off. If we detect or perceive a threat, this response can be immediately activated whether we want it to or not. When Anxiety and Fear Disrupt Your Life Just because anxiety and fear serve an important function for us, it does not mean that they dont have their downsides. They do. As humans, we have the ability to think and use our imagination to come up with possible scenarios that we may encounter in the future. For example, if you are going out on a first date or a job interview, you have the ability to think about how those experiences may turn out. If you can imagine them going bad, this is likely going to result in anxiety, even though a negative outcome hasnt really occurred â€" you only imagined that one would occur. Thus, our bodys natural alarm system can be activated even if a real threat is not present. Fearing a negative outcome may then lead to some kind of avoidance behavior. For example, if we expect a date to go badly, we may avoid going out on that date. Or, if we expect a job interview to turn out negatively, we may seek out a job that is less challenging or easier to get. These choices may interfere with our ability to build a meaningful and positive life for ourselves. In addition, anxiety and fear can take us out of the present moment. If we are constantly worrying about what negative things could happen to our children, it may prevent us from really engaging with them. We may be distracted and less likely to enjoy spending time with them. If you are ruminating about something bad that happened to you during the day while you are with friends and family, you may be less likely to really connect and enjoy your time with them. Anxiety and Fear in PTSD People with PTSD may have fear and anxiety that is much more frequent and intense than those without PTSD. In PTSD, the bodys fight-or-flight response becomes more sensitive, so it is constantly being activated. In addition, people with PTSD may become hypervigilant to signals of danger or threat in their environment. As a result, they may constantly feel on edge, fearful, or tense. When Are Both Useful? Anxiety and fear also have upsides. Anxiety and fear can signal that something is very important to us. For example, if you are worried about your children, it is likely because you really care about them. If you didnt have a strong relationship with them, you may experience less worry. If you are anxious about a job interview, it may be because you really want that job â€" it matters to you. If you didnt care about the job or didnt really need it, you likely would not find the situation so threatening or anxiety-provoking. Sometimes it can be important to override our anxiety and fear system. Even if our body is telling us to avoid something, we can move forward anyway, especially if we are moving toward something that is meaningful and consistent with our goals. We may not have much control over our emotions or thoughts; however, we can always control our behaviors. At any moment, regardless of what we feel on the inside, we can make a choice to engage in behaviors that are consistent with our goals. Coping With Anxiety and Fear There are many skills that can make it easier to move forward in life despite anxiety and fear. Diaphragmatic breathing and progressive muscle relaxation are two effective ways of coping with anxiety and fear. Mindfulness may also help you take a step back from unpleasant thoughts and emotions, allowing you to better connect with your present moment experience. The next time you experience anxiety or fear, take a look at it. Ask yourself if the anxiety is stemming from a real or imagined threat. Try to determine whether the anxiety may be telling you that something is important or matters to you, and if so, make the choice to move forward, taking your anxiety along with you for a ride. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Religion in the Sun Also Rises Essay - 926 Words

Participation in the war can alter ones views of the world. For Hemingway and the characters of The Sun Also Rises it meant the world had lost its innocence, and that traditional Christian morality no longer had any relevance. The expatriates lack religion as a whole and although they may know the concept they simply have no hope or faith. In The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway, the difficulties of Brett, Jake and Bill can be directly attributed to the lack of religious faith that stems from their involvement in the war. Brett faced a tragic loss during her involvement in the war and as a result, she experienced great difficulty being religious. - Since the death of her love, Brett constantly threw herself at different men to try†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"There is no reason why because it is dark you should look at things differently from when it is light...for six months I never slept with the electric light off†. Jake’s lack of faith - Jake appreciates religion, however he cannot devote himself to god because of his war wound, since it is the cause of all his miseries throughout the novel. â€Å"I was a little ashamed, and regretted that I was such a rotten Catholic, but realized there was nothing I could do about it, at least for a while, and maybe never, but that anyway it was a grand religion, and I only wished I felt religious and maybe I would the next time....† This outlines Jakes unwillingness to accept his disconnection from God. Although he says he may be religious next time, it is evident he cannot devout himself to God because of his war wound which is the only thing that separates him from being with Brett. Despite the fact that Jake enjoys seeing Cohn being hurt, he also feels guilty for it. These contradicting feelings Jakes having proved his confusion between good and bad. That was morality; things that made you disgusted afterward. No, that must be immorality. Bill’s involvement in the war left him hard, cynical and pessimistic. Bill believes in nothing at all, and he deals with life by mocking it. - Bill cannot grasp the concept of religion or faith. ThoseShow MoreRelatedThe Sun Also Rises : The Loss Of God And Religion Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sun Also Rises: The Loss of God and Religion It has been called one of Hemingway’s greatest literary works as it is the â€Å"quintessential novel of the Lost Generation.† Its strong language and subject matter portray a powerful image of the state of disenchantment felt in the 1920’s after the war. The interactions between the characters in this novel display a society living without convictions, affirming Gertrude Stein’s quotation at the beginning of the novel, â€Å"You are all a lost generation.†Read MoreJake Barnes As A Hemingway Code Hero1229 Words   |  5 Pagesin The Sun Also Rises Ernest Hemingway developed the Hemingway code hero after World War I as a representation of those who suffered after the brutality of war. Featured in many of Hemingway’s novels, the Hemingway Code Hero adheres to an unwritten, tacit set of self-established values and guidelines throughout all venues of life. He is a man characterized with a severe amount of drinking, enjoys an unusual sport, and an extravagant. In Ernest Hemingway’s fiction novel The Sun Also Rises, Jake BarnesRead MoreAztec Religion: the Foundation of a Civilization1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe religion of the Aztec, including their beliefs, customs and religions, acted as a tremendous influence on their government, economy, and culture. Religion was the foundation for the infamous culture of the Aztec Civilization. Through ceremonies of sacrifice, and the infusion of cosmology into their religion, the Aztecs sculpted a culture unlike that of any other civilization, and left behind a legacy to be st udied and admired for generations to come. Religion ultimately shaped the unique civilizationRead MoreThe Mysteries Of Ancient Egypt1572 Words   |  7 PagesMysteries of ancient Egypt attracted the attention of archeologists and ordinary people for many centuries. An enormous impact on the history of Egypt was religion, it shaped the everyday life of all the egyptians. They wanted an afterlife in Aaru, heaven. It was the ultimate goal. People s lives were rotating around religion, and everything that was tangent to it. The peculiarity of religious beliefs of the ancient Egyptians developed because of the geographical location of the state. Around 3000Read MoreA Basic Overview of Paganism Essay examples1716 Words   |  7 PagesReligion is about creation, and for that reason religion should be about the earth. - Laurie Cabot. One might see hundreds of faces from different races, gender, and pop cultures. But behind each face is a brain, with spirit and personal beliefs, like religion. When many Americans believe that everyone is Christian or Catholic, some people practice an ancient religion. This religion, commonly known as the umbrella-term â€Å"Paganism† is back on the move with a contemporary feel. Paganism is an earth-basedRead More Ernest Hemingway: Allegorical Figures In The Sun Also Rises1227 Words   |  5 Pages Ernest Hemingway: Allegorical Figures in The Sun Also Rises Thesis: Hemingway deliberately shaped the protagonists in The Sun Also Rises as allegorical figures. OUTLINE I. The Sun Also Rises A. Hemingways novel. B. Hemingways protagonists are deliberately shaped as allegorical figures. C. Novel symbolizing the impotence after W.W.I. II. Jake Barnes. A. Wound. 1. Damaged genitalia. 2. Cant make love. 3. Feels desire. B. Wound is symbol of life in years after W.W.I. C. Wound from accident. 1Read MoreThe Egyptian Religion And Religion911 Words   |  4 PagesThe ancient Egyptian religion is centered on deities and overtime, their religious belief which influenced their whole existence changed based on the rise and fall of important gods in control of the forces and elements of nature. The Egyptian religion was shaped by the polytheistic view of the universe. A belief in polytheism determined the belief in gods, death and magic. This essay focuses on the religious practices while also drawing a comparison with the Christian religion which has monotheisticRead MoreAncient Egyptian Culture and Its Influence on Poetry Essay1012 Words   |  5 Pages practiced religion, and even had festivals with food, beer, music and dancing. All that is known about ancient Egypt is a result of the hieroglyphic carvings of the Great Pyramid walls and on tombs of dead. Originally from the Book of The Dead, â€Å"The Chapter Of Changing Into Ptah† was and remains a significant poe m in the culture and traditions of Ancient Egypt. Religion in Ancient Egyptian society was often used to explain cosmic phenomena and unexplainable events. Their religion used metaphorsRead MoreHemingway Code Hero Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor of The Sun Also Rises, brands his main character Jake Barnes, a Hemingway code hero. The Hemingway code hero is defined as one who faces several problems yet faces them with undeniable dignity; when under pressure he deals with it with so much poise, it is hard to detect he is faced with a challenge. Also according to Hemingway, this man must accept that the world can bring misery upon anyone and while realizing this must learn to enjoy life (Melvin C. Miles). This man will also fear the darkRead MoreHow Did Astronomy Affect Early Egypt?1537 Words   |  7 Pagesmaintain their population. They were also pioneers in a number of new technologies; some of which are highly used today.   Much of the Egyptians success can be credited to their large understanding of astronomy. Astronomy is part of science that deals with the study of celestial objects- such as the stars, planets, moon, sun and galaxies.   So, this leads me to my question: How did astronomy effect early Egypt? Astronomy affected many things in early Egypt, such as: religion, infrastructure and technological

Amy Lowell s `` Madonna Of The Evening Flowers `` And ``...

Amy Lowell was a rebel, whos identity was to be different than others. Amy Lowell was interested in and influenced by the Imagists movement. Lowell earned a reputation for violating conservative standards by flaunting her obesity, swearing, smoking cigars, and having a same-sex lover. She wrote in traditional forms, as well as in free verse and polyphonic prose, often using several forms in a single poem. Amy Lowell’s work involved a combination of intertextuality, symbolism, and allusions.. I will analysis the following poems by Amy Lowell: â€Å"The Taxi† â€Å"Madonna of the evening flowers† â€Å"A decade† and â€Å"A lover†. Using these poems I will analyze her common themes, structure, and figurative imagery. Amy Lowell often Amy Lowell’s most common themes are love, helplessness, loneliness and sex. The theme of loneliness is apparent in her poem, â€Å"Madonna of the Evening Flowers.† When the narrator is distanced from her lover she feels alone and lost without the person. I call: â€Å"Where are you?† But there is only the oak-tree rustling in the wind. But the house is very quiet, The sun shines in on your books, On your scissors and thimble just put down, But you are not there. Suddenly I am lonely: Where are you? I go about searching. Then I see you, Lowell explores the theme of helplessness for love in â€Å"The Taxi.† Summed up by this quote â€Å"Why should I leave you? To wound myself upon the sharp edges of the night.† This releases helplessness feeling that the narrator cannot function

The Lottery By Shirley Jackson - 918 Words

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson, is a short story about an annual lottery draw in a small town. The story sets place in a small town of three hundred or so people. The theme of destructive tradition pervades the text, beginning with irony manner of choosing the person and, of course, ultimately leading to the person’s death. Every year a lottery is held, in which one someone is cruelly chosen to be stoned to death by the people in the town to be able to provide more for the others in the town. The lottery has been done by the town for over seventy years. Some symbolism, Jackson uses is the names, objects, and the setting to hide the real meaning and what really happen with the lottery. In her short story The Lottery, Shirley Jackson uses references of sacrifice rituals to symbolize that with the sacrifice better agriculture for the town it also demonstrates how following tradition leads to a disaster. Some names of some characters hold significant meanings to â€Å"The Lottery.† Jackson uses symbolic names to indicate and foreshadow some of the things what will happen after the lottery happens. The name Dellacroy for example, is a French surname which stands for of the cross. This surname shows some Christian symbolize into the story plot by including the cross. Summers is another last name used in the lottery, he is the man that present and conducts the ceremony. The lottery happens during summer June 27 to be exact, and Mr. Summer has Mr. Graves help him throughout the wholeShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson757 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main character Tessie Hutchinson in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not like Mega Million or Powerball one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. TessieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as  "The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson8 11 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portraysRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husband

Information System Client Server Architecture

Question: Discuss about the Information System of Client Server Architecture. Answer: Design Architecture The information system proposed for the Willowbrook School would be based on the Client/ Server Architecture because the school remains in scaling mode as there might be modification in the school system from time to time. Three-tier client-server architecture is the best option for the information system. Three-tier Client Server Architecture consists of the three main layers: Presentation Tier, Application tier, and Data Access or Database Tier. Each tier is separated from one another on the basis of complexity of users and how the data is being used which is there in the database. At the database tier, database is resided with its query processing languages. At application tier, usually the programs and the application server that make use of databases are resided. An abstracted view of database is presented at this tier i.e. any end user is not aware of the database at this tier. At the presentation tier, operation is done by the end users on this tier and they are unaware about the existence of database (Curtis, 1989). Development process will be facilitated by the three-tier architecture. The advantages of the architecture are as follows: Only Presentation logic will be contained in the Client Program. Therefore, it can facilitate the scaling process. Security is increased using three tier client server architecture. Performance is superior for mainly medium to high volume environments. Client workstation does not require much of the resources and there are enough resources available for the server for addressing the request of client. Data traffic is reduced on the network due to which school can be able to address more number of requests in lesser time. Support cost provided by this architecture is comparatively lower. It has a hidden database structure i.e. requesters cannot see the actual structure of database. Since, all the components are independent and can be modified separately; therefore, the modification in on tier does not affect the modification in another tier. The disadvantages of three tier architecture are as follows: Additional tools will be required to increase the performance if the volume goes high. There is a lot of difficulty to implement the complex business rules. Changes made in the business logic do not reflect in the server automatically. So, for reflecting the changes, there is a requirement for new client side software. There is no profit provided to the other database server platforms. Cost-Benefit Issues School is able to expand or shrink its scaling process with the help of client/server architecture. As much as branches of the school increases, school can be able to adjust the number for clients and also the processing functions can be easily managed instead of altering the capability of the large-scale central server(Curtis, 1989). Using Client/Server, it is easy to reduce the network load and to enhance the response times. Hardware Requirements Hardware components which are required for the system are as follows: Database Server such as SQL, Oracle, Informix etc. Web Server such as Apache, IIS, Nginx etc. Application Server Glassfish, WebSphere, WebLogic etc. Router such as Cisco 800, Cisco 827 etc. Access point for the internet. Computer system. System Design Specification System Design Specification is a document which is used to contain the information which is required to develop the system. Outline of the various modules/components: The system for the developed system architecture has been categorized mainly into three components i.e. Student, Teacher and School administrator. Key modules for these components are as follows: Main Module Login School Administrator Managing the details of the students. Managing exam schedules. Managing the details of the staff/teachers. Managing the details of payment. Managing the fees of students. Teachers/Staff: Managing the details of students. Managing the marks of students. Managing the question papers for exams. Managing the syllabus and lectures. Managing the subject details. Student Managing the details of the students which are entered by students in the system. The dependencies between different modules are described as follows: All the modules described above i.e. Students, staff/teachers and School Administrator relies on the single module i.e. the login module which provides various services to them. On the basis of login, users have been classified as (Dennis, Wixom and Roth, 2012) Unregistered Users: These users are the guest users who can just view the information about the school given on the site. Registered Users: These users are the authenticated users who are registered and can access all the services offered on the site. Registered users can be school administrator, staff members/teachers and students. New user can be created by signing up and approval is done by school administrator. User Interface Issues User Interface Issues are classified into the two types: One for User One for Administrator Detailed Description about the Components Element Name: Login Module Purpose of this login module is to provide entry to the registered users in the system. Only authorized users are allowed to access the system. There can be two types of users for this module: Registered Users or Guest/Unregistered Users. User must have the connection of internet to access this module. When a user logs in to the module, first of all, user gets connected to the server of company and by checking the credentials of login, entry is allowed by the servers in the system (Howe, 2001). If the user logs in as the registered user, then user is redirected to the page for which the user has privileges. If user is new and wants to create account, then user will be redirected to the registration page. Data of the login module would be stored in MySQL database. Element Name: Managing Student Purpose of this module is to allow user to manage the details of students. Student can be edited, added or deleted in this module. Details of the student are sent to the server to receive the corresponding response. If staff logs in to manage student data, then details of students such as name, subjects etc. can be modified. Or if student logs in, then student is able to check the assignment given by the teacher or can edit his/her contact details. User must have the internet connection to access the module. New student can be added and data can be stored in the database if the details are correct and are able to pass the business rules. Student can be deleted on the matching criterion. The student data is stored on the MySQL database(Howe, 2001). Element Name: Managing the marks of students Purpose of this module is to allow teachers to manage the marks of the students by uploading them and storing them into the database. Marks of the students are sent to the server. If the staff logs in to the module, then staff can upload the marks of the students. If student logs in to the module, then he/she can view their marks. Similarly, all the modules can work in the same way as above modules do. Internet connection is must for all the modules discussed. Application Development Methodology Application Development Methodology decided for this information system is Structured Methodology (Maciaszek, 2001). Advantages of Structured Methodology: It is easier to understand. It is a good industry standard. Milestones of methodology are unique and can be easily tracked. It is a mature type of methodology. Requirement validation is allowed in this technique. It follows the specific structure. Disadvantages of Structured Methodology: Since it is process-oriented, therefore non functional requirements are avoided in this technique. There is less involvement of direct management in this technique. Since it is non-iterative, therefore a single modification would cause the system to restart the entire process. This technique has no other tool than DFD to measure the progress. Users requirements are not always implemented(Maciaszek, 2001). Advantages of Object-Oriented Methodology: System development is simplified using this technique in comparison to other techniques. Robustness and code reuse are enhanced. Because a clear mapping is provided between the real world entities and the corresponding objects, therefore it helps in enhancing the understanding of design. Since analysis phase does not get separated from design phase, so users have a high level of communication between them. Disadvantages of Object-Oriented Methodology: The techniques emphasizes mainly on the code. Object Methodology has been more focused. Transforming the traditional SSAD to OOAD is very complex and more time consuming. Advantages of Agile Methodologies: In Agile, Customer Satisfaction is provided through rapid, continuous delivery of useful software. Main emphasis on people and interaction rather than focusing on processes and tools. Face-to-Face Communication is the best method to discuss about the progress of the project. Scrum meetings are arranged on daily or weekly basis. Changing requirements are always welcome. Attention to good design and excellent technology is given. Disadvantages of Agile Methodologies: Less focused on designing and documentation. Decisions can be taken by only senior programmers during the development process i.e. there is no importance of newbie programmers. High degree of uncertainty. Project can easily get taken off the track if customer is not clear that what final outcome is needed by them. Testing and Test Data Types of testing which are performed for this proposed system are as follows: Unit Testing: Unit Testing refers to testing a single or individual module at a time. Execution errors are eliminated which may terminate the program and logical errors are also eliminated. Integration Testing: Integration Testing refers to testing a combination or group of modules combined at a time. There are further many types of integration testing such as Big-bang Integration Testing, Top-Down Approach, and Bottom-up Approach Integration Testing System Testing: System Testing refers to the testing which is performed on the whole system i.e. whole system is tested. System is tested to assure that the system meets up with all required specifications and all required features are there in the system. Test Data: Test Data can be any live or sample data that is used for testing all the components of system whether it is related to validation or verification. Training Plan: In this information system for school, there will be three groups of users who require training. The groups of users are as follows (Howe, 2001): Users (Teachers/Staff, Students and School Administrator) : This group of users would be trained on the following topics: Overview of system i.e. flows of the information on system. Key terms related to system. Starting up and shutting down the system. Duties and Responsibilities towards the system. Main menu and further submenus. Frequently asked questions. Troubleshooting help. Handling problems. Management: Origin of project. Business goals. Controlling changes in system. Training to users. Enhancement of reports. Cost Analysis. Support: Documentation of system. Architecture of the system. Issues related to logging and resolving. Support of vendor. History and Justification of Project. Training for IT members. Training for user and management. All the trainings discussed above may perform in in-house only; there is no need to perform training at vendor-side. Data Conversion Plan Data Conversion of the activities can be incremental as well as iterative. Incremental approach is followed when the current system data has to be converted into the file system. Else if, the data has been completely transferred in the new system, iterative approach works. Data Entry is done in the following way: First of all, the information related to school is entered. Then, the branches of school if any are entered in the iterative manner i.e. data related to branch i.e. its name, city, address, contact number etc. are entered. Different programs and subjects offered by the school are entered. Then data related to staff and teachers are entered. In the data, system stores the details of students. Data of students should be handled securely as it contains the sensitive or confidential information such as their contact and payments details. If the information of students are stolen, then it might lead to problem. During automated conversion process, some documents are to be handled such as missing files, missing field values, failure in automated editing, and data which requires manual validation(Howe, 2001). System Changeover Approach For this given scenario, school does not have enough budgets to manage the high costs of changeover method except for the Direct Cutover. Since IT team has to operate and maintain one system at the time, therefore, it is recommended the least expensive changeover approach. Using this approach, old system starts working as soon as the new system comes to work. Abnormal errors may occur but they can be handled easily because of the simple implementation and development. As the school is not compatible with the old system, therefore this approach is only bet best option for the school system. It is difficult for the school to implement the parallel and other changeover techniques to implement for the school information system. Conclusion The analysis has been on an information system designed for a private school named as the Willowbrook School. The analysis report covers the type of system architecture the system will have, its advantages and disadvantages, systems physical and network topology, system design specification for the system, type of application development methodology the system will have, what type of testing will be done and how training will be given to different users of the system. Therefore, the report covers all the aspects related to the school system. References Curtis, G. (1989).Business information systems. Wokingham, England: Addison-Wesley. Dennis, A., Wixom, B. and Roth, R. (2012).System analysis and design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. George, J. (2004).Object-oriented systems analysis and design. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hoffer, J., George, J. and Valacich, J. (1999).Modern systems analysis and design. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. Howe, D. (2001).Data analysis for database design. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. Kroenke, D. (2009).MIS essentials. 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